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 slavery, we must manufacture our own cloth and at the present moment only by hand-spinning and hand- weaving.

All this means discipline, self-denial, self-sacrifice, organising ability, confidence, and courage. If we show this in one year among the classes that to-day count, and make public opinion, we certainly gain Swaraj within one year. If I am told that even we who lead have not these qualities in us, there certainly will never be Swaraj for India bur then we shall have no right to blame the English for what they are doing. Our salvation and its time are solely dependent upon us.

��TO EVERY ENGLISHMAN IN INDIA. [Mr. Gandhi wrote the following two open letters in the pages of his Young India. Like evei'y one of his articles, they were widely reproduced in the press. The letters deal with all the topics connect- ed with the Non-Co-operation movement. The first was written in October 1920 and the second in July 1921 :]

I Dear Friend,

I wish that every Englishman will see this appeal and give thoughtful attention to it.

Let me introduce myself to you. In my humble opin- ion, no Indian has co-operated with the British Govern- ment more than I have for an unbroken period of twenty- nine years of public life in the face of circumstances that might well have turned any other man into a rebel. I ask you to believe me when I tell you that my co-operation was not based on the fear of the punishments provided by your laws or any other selfish motives. It was free and voluntary -co-operation based on the belief that the sum total of the British Government was for the benefit of India, I put my

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