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 completed the appeal hearing nor assessed royalties owed to COTT. Furthermore, notwithstanding this decision, the local cable operator has failed to obtain the required public performance license, in violation of its cable license agreement with the government. The United States urges the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to take all necessary actions to ensure that the terms of such licenses be fulfilled or that those licenses be terminated. The United States also urges the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to address optical media piracy and other forms of IPR infringement. These issues affect not only American artists but Caribbean artists as well. The United States looks forward to continuing to work with Trinidad and Tobago to address these and other issues.

Turkey

Turkey remains on the Watch List in 2014. U.S. rights holders continue to raise serious concerns regarding the export from, and transshipment through, Turkey of counterfeit and pirated products. In particular, industry has expressed concern about the manufacture of counterfeited luxury goods, digital media, and textiles. Software piracy is also a growing problem. Serial code crackers and key generators used to gain unlawful access to software are commonly available, and in some cases, computers sold at retail stores are preloaded with illegal software. Legislative proposals intended to improve copyright and industrial property protections have not yet been finalized and passed. Adequate, transparent, and effective enforcement of IPR remains a significant challenge in Turkey, including due to obstacles posed by judicial delays, rarity of deterrent-level penalties, and the fact that the Turkish National Police lack ex officio authority. However, the United States congratulates Turkey on several successful enforcement initiatives resulting in the prosecution of individuals selling counterfeit medicines online and the seizure of printing presses and materials used to counterfeit pharmaceutical packaging, as well as the seizure of pirated books, counterfeited food products, and counterfeited cancer treatments. In addition, the United States notes that the Turkish National Police, Turkish Patent Institute, and Ministry of Culture and Tourism, as well as other agencies in the Turkish government, participated in several training, coordination, and public education initiatives, and the United States looks forward to seeing this productive cooperation between Turkey, WIPO, the United States, INTERPOL, and others continue. The United States looks forward to working with Turkey on these and other issues.

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan remains on the Watch List in 2014. In 2012, Turkmenistan adopted a Law on Copyright and Allied Rights and amended its Civil Code to enhance IPR protection. However, Turkmenistan reportedly has yet to provide for effective administrative, civil or criminal procedures or penalties for enforcement of these rights. The United States urges Turkmenistan to provide for such enforcement procedures, including but not limited to ex officio authority for its customs officials. In addition, the United States continues to strongly encourage Turkmenistan to join the Berne Convention on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized 57