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 taking those important steps, and looks forward to the enactment of the latter bill. To date, however, Israel has not submitted legislation to the Knesset regarding patent term extension, although a bill is under development. The United States encourages Israel to submit legislation to the Knesset that fully implements the Understanding as soon as possible. Pursuant to the Understanding, once Israel submits appropriate legislation to the Knesset regarding this matter, the United States will move Israel to the Watch List.

Separately, the United States encourages Israel to ratify and implement the WIPO Internet Treaties. Doing so would strengthen Israel's IPR regime, and would afford rights holders additional effective remedies against copyright infringement that occurs over the Internet.

The United States also encourages Israel to amend its copyright law to provide for statutory damages. In addition, the United States urges Israel to clarify whether, under its existing copyright law, enterprises that engage in this activity are subject to prosecution. The United States also encourages Israel to enforce judicial decisions requiring cable operators to compensate copyright holders for the unauthorized retransmission of television broadcast signals containing their works, and to establish a fair remuneration structure for future retransmissions. The United States will continue to work with Israel to resolve these and other matters.

Pakistan

Pakistan remains on the Priority Watch List in 2012. Pakistan continued its efforts on IPR enforcement, including through raids, seizures, and arrests by various enforcement authorities. However, widespread counterfeiting and piracy, particularly book and optical disc piracy, continue to present serious concerns for U.S. industry. Pakistan should provide ex officio authority to its enforcement officials, and should provide for deterrent-level penalties for criminal IPR infringement. Pakistan should also take the necessary steps to reform its copyright law. The United States continues to encourage Pakistan to provide an effective system for protecting against unfair commercial use, as well as unauthorized disclosure, of test and other data generated to obtain marketing approval for pharmaceutical products, and to provide an effective system to address patent issues expeditiously in connection with applications to market pharmaceutical products. The United States looks forward to continuing to work with Pakistan to address these and other issues.

Russia

Russia remains on the Priority Watch List in 2012. While Russia made important progress in the past year to improve IPR protection and enforcement, significant concerns remain, particularly with respect to piracy over the Internet and enforcement generally.

The United States welcomes several positive steps that Russia took, including enactment of a law to establish a specialized IPR court by February 2013, and amendments to Russia's Criminal Code that revise criminal thresholds for copyright piracy. The United States also commends progress on criminal proceedings against interfilm.ru, an infringing website in Russia, and on 37