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 Fujian Province is home to large-scale manufacturing, including athletic footwear companies that have repeatedly been the target of infringement allegations by U.S. right holders.

Hot spots. According to industry reports the cities of Jinjiang, Putian, and Quanzhou are particularly associated with counterfeiting in the footwear sector. Local protectionism appears to be a problem.

Criminal enforcement. Right holders in the footwear sector praised the willingness of provincial public security authorities to take the lead in a number of cases where other approaches proved ineffective. However, there is a continuing need for more criminal enforcement in other sectors, including copyright cases.

Administrative enforcement. Right holders in both trademark and copyright industries have noted that in Fujian, like other parts of China, low administrative penalties often have little or no deterrent effect.

Export. Xiamen is one of China's major ports of lading for infringing goods seized at U.S. borders. Xiamen Customs has jurisdiction over approximately half of Fujian province, including the port cities of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou, and has a special division that handles IPR enforcement. Xiamen Customs has worked closely with foreign right holders, and has won praise for its work. Reports in early 2008 indicate that due to better enforcement of IPR by Customs authorities in Xiamen, shippers of pirated and counterfeit goods now seek to avoid using the port of Xiamen.

Guangdong Province is the center of large-scale counterfeit and pirate manufacturing in China for a variety of goods, ranging from low-cost consumer goods, such as household items, clothing and optical media, to high-technology products, such as computer equipment, video game consoles (and game discs/cartridges), and other electronics. A leading industry group calls Guangdong "the biggest problem spot for counterfeiting in China." Right holders have also complained of patent infringement by Guangdong-based companies.

Last year, Provincial officials in Guangdong acknowledged the need to improve deterrence against IPR violations, and expressed a welcome openness to closer engagement with U.S. and other foreign right holders. However, law enforcement cooperation with U.S. right holders appears to have deteriorated since last year's Special 301 Report.

Hot spots. Provincial officials stated that specific cities targeted for enforcement during the past five years included Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shantou, Jieyang, and Chaozhou. According to industry reports:

 The cities of Guangzhou and Dongguan are particularly associated with counterfeiting in the fashion and sports equipment sectors.

Internet based vendors trafficking in counterfeit apparel are increasing at alarming rates.

Guangzhou and Shantou are associated with counterfeiting of health, beauty, and household care products.

Shenzhen is associated with counterfeiting in the information technology, fashion, and cosmetics sectors, as well as e-commerce in all products. 