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 authorities. Beijing courts enjoy a generally good reputation, which contributes to Beijing having the nation's highest number of civil IPR cases.

Hot spots. According to industry reports:

 Retail and wholesale markets such as the Silk Market, Tianyi Market, and Yaxiu Market are associated with trade in counterfeit fashion, jewelry, sports, and apparel products.

Chaoyang District authorities have agreed to enhance their cooperation with copyright owners.

Local protectionism remains strong in Chaoyang District.

Much of this counterfeiting and piracy is occurring notwithstanding an apparent lower incidence in the infringement of Olympic-related merchandise. We look forward to China addressing these additional areas at the time of the Olympics, as mentioned in the Action Plan, and on an ongoing basis thereafter. 

Retail and wholesale markets. Retail piracy and counterfeiting remain widespread in Beijing; progress in getting the problem under control has been very limited.

 In spite of increasing attention from foreign governments, the media, and China's central and local governments, the Silk Market in Beijing remains possibly the world's most notorious market for counterfeit goods. Landlords at the market have signed agreements to oust counterfeiters, and Chaoyang District officials believe the situation at the market has improved.

In September 2007, the Silk Street Market was found to bear civil liability for infringement based on the failure to provide evidence that it had implemented the required "trademark authorization systems" established by the Beijing City and Chaoyang District Administrations in March 2006. However, right holders' surveys show no real change in the level of sales of counterfeit goods. </ul>

Internet. Beijing authorities have been among the most proactive in China in recognizing and moving to address the serious challenges of Internet piracy that are emerging throughout China.

<ul> <li>Internet cases have successfully been transferred from the copyright bureau to the Public Security Bureau (PSB), and suspects have been tried and convicted. However, suspects who violate copyrights are often convicted for illegal business operations rather than copyright infringement.</li>

<li>Beijing authorities have been proactive in looking for ways to make Internet enforcement procedures more effective and to address new technological challenges, such as retransmission via the Internet of sporting events.</li>

<li>Beijing's courts are considering significant copyright cases regarding provision by Internet service providers of "deep links" directly to unlicensed music downloads.</li> </ul>

Universities. Beijing's university campuses have also been cited by right holders as magnets for textbook piracy, and they offer a broadband environment that can support copyright infringement. Beijing authorities state that universities receive no safe harbor from IPR laws. Industry praised authorities for enforcement actions involving a Tsinghua University textbook center, and called for investigations to be repeated at the beginning of the school term and at other peak copying times.