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  The cities of Guangzhou and Dongguan are particularly associated with counterfeiting in the fashion and sports equipment sectors.

Guangzhou and Shantou are associated with counterfeiting of health, beauty, and household care products.

Shenzhen is associated with counterfeiting in the information technology, fashion, and cosmetics sectors, as well as e-commerce in all products.

Chaoyang and Jieyang are associated with counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals and cigarettes.

Local protectionism remains strong in the Baiyun and Huadu Districts of Guangzhou. 

Criminal enforcement. In 2006, USTR noted that availability of criminal remedies is a problem in Guangdong. Statistics for 2005 showed that Guangdong referred only 17 administrative trademark cases for criminal prosecution. Viewed in light of the size of Guangdong's economy and its role as a center of manufacturing, this number was surprisingly low, lagging behind Beijing and Zhejiang. Industry has called for particular attention to intensifying criminal enforcement in hot spots, such as Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Dongguan.

Right holders have noted some improvements in availability of criminal remedies, as well as some continuing problems.

 Companies in the pharmaceutical industry have praised public security authorities for investing manpower and resources in attacking counterfeiting networks throughout Guangdong, and achieving notable successes.

<li>In the sector of health, beauty, and household care products, Guangdong has been identified as a relatively difficult place to criminally prosecute counterfeiters. Guangdong accounted for two-thirds of the raids conducted by one major company in this sector, but only 38 percent of the criminal convictions. (According to this one rights holder, authorities have responded by setting up a special team to address the problem.)</li>

<li>Criminal fines and prison sentences were criticized as being generally lighter in Guangdong province.</li> </ul>

Administrative enforcement. In spite of being a manufacturing hub and center for counterfeiting, Guangdong in 2005 had fewer administrative trademark cases, relative to its economic size, than other jurisdictions. Provincial authorities recognize that administrative enforcement at trade fairs is especially important given Guangdong's role as host of the Canton Trade Fair and other major fairs; the U.S. Government looks forward to continuing to work closely with local officials and trade fair organizers to improve enforcement at these fairs.

Export. Guangdong's role as an export engine creates a need for more deterrent customs remedies. Yantian and Shekou, both located in Guangdong, are two of China's top five ports of lading for infringing goods seized at U.S. borders.

Optical disc production. The 2006 Special 301 Report highlighted the need for criminal prosecutions to address optical media piracy in Guangdong. In March 2007, according to official Chinese media, 13 people were arrested, thirty machines were seized, and more than 1.81 million pirated CDs and DVDs were seized in a raid in Guangzhou. China's official media called this "the largest single crackdown on CD and DVD piracy in China's history." According to