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 goods. However, concerns remain about the failure to take action at the borders to seize imported pirated and counterfeit goods and the lack of transparency in Saudi Arabia's enforcement system overall. Saudi Arabia's patent registration system is seriously deficient, with a backlog of thousands of applications. While there have been no major incidences of patent infringement, a recent decision by the Saudi Board of Grievances threatens to undercut protection of intellectual property related to pharmaceutical products by failing to provide exclusive patent rights afforded by the registration of pharmaceutical inventions within a reasonable time. While we commend the progress that Saudi Arabia has made, we also urge continued efforts to improve IPR protection through continued sustained raids on copyright piracy sites, improved border enforcement, improved cooperation between government officials and rights holders, providing reports on enforcement actions and investigations to rights holders, and imposing deterrent sentences on IPR infringers.

SLOVAK REPUBLIC

The Slovak Republic does not provide adequate protection for confidential pharmaceutical test data submitted to obtain marketing approval, and the United States remains concerned about this deficiency. The United States is also concerned about copyright piracy in the Slovak Republic. Although video piracy has declined, imports of pirated optical media, primarily from the Ukraine and Russia, have increased. We look to the Slovak Republic to implement TRIPS-consistent data protection and to increase and sustain government actions against piracy, particularly at the border.

TAJIKISTAN

While Tajikistan has taken steps to fulfill its IPR obligations under the 1993 U.S.-Tajikistan Trade Agreement, Tajikistan's IPR regime has numerous deficiencies, particularly with respect to copyright protection. Specifically, Tajikistan has not joined the Geneva Phonograms Convention, does not provide IPR protection to foreign sound recordings, and does not explicitly protect pre-existing works or sound recordings under its copyright law. There are also problems with respect to the exclusive economic rights provided to authors under the Tajik Copyright Law. In addition, IPR enforcement in Tajikistan remains weak. Criminal penalties for IPR violations have not yet been adopted, nor is there proper ex officio authority to commence criminal cases. In addition, the Tajik Customs Code fails to provide customs officials with ex officio authority to suspend the release of suspected infringing materials at the border. The United States urges Tajikistan to address deficiencies in its IPR laws and strengthen IPR protection and enforcement.

THAILAND

Thailand has made some efforts to strengthen its IPR regime through the consideration of draft legislation and regulations, and the development of initiatives to improve enforcement, but has achieved only limited progress. The United States continues to have serious concerns about the Thai Government's failure to effectively address the growth in optical media piracy, copyright and trademark infringement, counterfeiting, end user piracy, and cable and signal piracy. We are also concerned about Thailand's failure to date to enact implementing regulations for the Trade Secrets Act to provide effective data protection. We welcomed the stepped-up enforcement efforts that were initiated in the spring and again in the early fall of 2003 and the reduction in the visibility of retail piracy during the October APEC meeting, but are disappointed that these efforts were not sustained and that piracy levels remain high. Enforcement remains uncoordinated and sporadic, and the transfer of some responsibilities from police units to the newly formed Department of Special Investigations has caused some problems in the implementation of enforcement activities. The production, distribution, sale, and export or transshipment