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 The U.S. is concerned about copyright infringement as well as deficiencies in the 1992 copyright law, including lack of protection for textile designs. The level of fines for infringement is considered insufficient to deter infringement. Additionally, Pakistan's patent law provides for process but not product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals. Well-known marks can be protected only through registration as defensive marks. Pakistan also has no provisions for registering service marks.

The Peruvian Government has passed, as a member of the Andean Pact, three decisions on intellectual property. However, these decisions still do not provide adequate and effective protection in all areas, particularly in the patent area. The Peruvian Government needs to intensify its anti-piracy efforts, particularly to combat sound recording and book piracy.

The U.S. remains concerned about copyright enforcement problems, particularly for videotapes and software. Trademark violations remain widespread, Philippine courts are slow in adjudicating intellectual property violations and the sentences imposed are not deterrents. The Philippines has been implementing an intellectual property agreement with the United States, which was signed on April 6, 1993. Under the agreement, the Philippine Government will exert its best efforts to secure legislative approval for important intellectual property legislation, including ratification of accession to the Berne Convention (1971 text), by December 1994.

The U.S. will closely monitor implementation and enforcement of rights provided under the newly enacted copyright law and hopes to see rapid improvement in the Polish Government's efforts to combat piracy.

The U.S. is concerned about the imposition of a new, more restrictive dubbing license regime for motion pictures. Software piracy and unauthorized performance of video works remain problems.

During the past year Taiwan has made significant progress in protecting intellectual property rights, including the passage of laws, the signing of an agreement and improved enforcement. To ensure Taiwan's compliance with previous commitments, the United States will monitor activity in the following areas: continued enforcement of copyrights, trademarks and patents; implementation of the trademark export monitoring system; the continued operation of the copyright export licensing system for computer software and video games; enactment of a semiconductor chip protection law and if needed, trade secret law; and completion of the reform of the trademark examination and registration system.

Although the piracy of sound recordings, motion pictures, books and computer software is widespread, the UAE has recently taken several positive steps to crack down on pirates. An October out-of-cycle review will be conducted to monitor enforcement of these provisions.