Page:Spanish Constitution.djvu/9

Constitució Espanyola :1. Everyone has the right to education. Freedom of teaching is recognized.


 * 2. Education shall aim at the full development of human personality with due respect for the democratic principles of coexistence and for basic rights and freedoms.


 * 3. The public authorities guarantee the right of parents to ensure that their children receive religious and moral instruction in accordance with their own convictions.


 * 4. Elementary education is compulsory and free.


 * 5. The public authorities guarantee the right of all to education, through general education programming, with the effective participation of all sectors concerned and the setting up of educational centres.


 * 6. The right of individuals and legal entities to set up educational centres is recognized, provided they respect constitutional principles.


 * 7. Teachers, parents and, when appropriate, pupils shall participate in the control and management of all centres supported by the Administration out of public funds, under the terms established by the lawilaw [sic].


 * 8. The public authorities shall inspect and standardize the educational system in order to ensure compliance with the laws.


 * 9. The public authorities shall help the educational centres which meet the requirements established by the law.


 * 10. The autonomy of Universities is recognized, under the terms established by the law.

Section 28


 * 1. All have the right to freely join a trade union. The law may restrict or except the exercise of this right in the Armed Forces or Institutes or other bodies subject to military discipline, and shall lay down the special conditions of its exercise by civil servants. Trade union freedom includes the right to set up trade unions and to join the union of one's choice, as well as the right of trade unions to form confederations and to found international trade union organizations, or to become members thereof. No one may be compelled to join a trade union.


 * 2. The right of workers to strike in defence of their interests is recognized. The law governing the exercise of this right shall establish the safeguards necessary to ensure the maintenance of essential public services.

Section 29


 * 1. All Spaniards shall have the right to individual and collective petition, in writing, in the manner and subject to the consequences to be laid down by law.


 * 2. Members of the Armed Forces or Institutes or bodies subject to military discipline may only exercise this right individually and in accordance with statutory provisions relating to them.

Section 30


 * 1. Citizens have the right and the duty to defend Spain.


 * 2. The law shall determine the military obligations of Spaniards and shall regulate, with all due guarantees, conscientious objection as well as other grounds for exemption from compulsory military service; it may also, when appropriate, impose a community service in place of military service.


 * 3. A civilian service may be established with a view to accomplishing objectives of general interest.


 * 4. The duties of citizens in the event of serious risk, catastrophe or public calamity may be regulated by law.

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