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Rh forward alone, the cowardly are not free to retreat unrestricted. In the simultaneous employment of large numbers lies strength.

Therefore in night fighting, beacons and drums are largely used; in day fighting, a great number of banners and flags to confound the enemy’s eyes and ears.

We thus awe his army, and defeat his general’s ambition.

In the morning the spirits are keen ; at midday there is a laziness; in the evening a desire to return. Wherefore, he who uses his soldiers well, avoids the time when the spirits are keen; but attacks the enemy when he is tired, or seeking his camp.

This is to have the spirit under control.

He who opposes confusion with order, clamour with quiet, can remain self-possessed.

Those who have long distances to march as opposed to those situated in a convenient neighbourhood are tired, while the latter are at ease. Satiety is opposed to hunger. In this case we have strength at our command.

Do not attack where serried rows of banners shew, nor a regular battle array; but patiently await your time.

Do not attack an enemy on high ground, nor one who has high ground at his back. Do not pursue an enemy who is imitating flight; do not attack a spirited enemy.

If the enemy offers an allurement, do not be caught by it.