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103 the rise in wages lags behind the jump in the cost of living. It is a necessity so real that children are sent to the mills, not because parents are "greedy and indifferent," but because the whole amount which a hard-working day laborer can earn will not keep his family supplied with the necessities, not to mention the luxuries of life.

In addition to pleading for the widow and the orphan, the employer who fights child labor legislation invariably pleads for himself. The point is well illustrated by a comment from the National Glass Budget, published in Pittsburg and representing the glass manufacturing interest.

Let it be borne in mind that in New York children under sixteen work only eight hours per day, and those hours must be between eight and five ; in Illinois no child under sixteen may work after seven or before seven ; but in Pennsylvania children of fourteen may work in glass houses at any hour of the day or night, providing this working time does not exceed eight consecutive hours. In view of these facts, and