Page:Small-boat sailing; an explanation of the management of small yachts, half-decked and open sailing-boats of various rigs; sailing on sea and on river; cruising, etc (IA smallboatsailing01knig).pdf/32

 CHAPTER II

THE EFFECT OF THE WIND ON A BOAT

Stability—Lateral resistance—Action of the wind when a vessel is close-hauled—Centre of effort—Action of the rudder.

When a boat is floating on the water with sail set, the wind, as will be explained in this chapter, produces on her various effects. It tends to heel her over; to propel her forward; to drive her sideways away from the wind; and to turn one end or other of her round, according to the balance of her sails and the distribution of her weight.

By a scientific construction of hull, sails, and rudder, these different effects are so utilised or counteracted as to enable the helmsman to sail his vessel in any direction he pleases, and even to work the apparent miracle of making her travel against wind and tide combined, with the aid of his canvas only. Those who wish to master the whole theory of sailing, and the scientific adaptation of a vessel to the forces of wind and water, must be referred to larger works than this. The principles that govern the arts of sailing and boat-building are