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 objectivity, 2, 91, Chapter 6
 * abandonment of, 144
 * group, 143-145, 151
 * individual subjectivity, 151
 * lapse of, 89, 140-145, 164, 188
 * myth of, 12, 125, 126, 137, 138, 141, 199
 * perception and, see: perception
 * postmodernism and, see: postmodernism

observational science, see: science - observational Occam’s razor, 149 oceanography, 101, 106, 122, 178, 193 outline, 153 paradigm
 * anomaly, 162
 * change or overthrow, 162, 163, 209
 * definition of, 161
 * effects on hypotheses, 99, 162
 * effects on scientific change, 161, 162
 * examples of, 11, 59, 161, 164, 178, 207, 208
 * pitfalls, 164, 165
 * pre-paradigm, 161, 188
 * testing paradigm, 158

pattern recognition: Chapter 3 perception, 125
 * assumptions of, 62, 129
 * bias of, 125-129, 139
 * expectation and, 125, 126, 128, 129, 135
 * memory and, 131-135
 * schema, 44, 132-135, 177

philosophy, 4, 136 philosophy of science, 1, 2, 10, 12-14, 61, 72, 143, 146, 156, 157, 159, 163, 164, 188 physical science, 15, 62, 125, 164, 189, 194 physics, 10, 11, 20, 44, 59, 61, 63, 125, 129, 130, 132, 146, 149, 161, 178, 179, 187, 194, 206, 208 pilot study, 27, 29, 102, 103 plagiarism, 207 planning, see: experiment - planning plotting of data, 36, 50
 * plotting hints, 52, 53

postmodernism, 135, 136
 * postmodern critique, 135, 136

precision, 17, 18, 20, 26, 27, 102, 103, 113, 120, 122, 143
 * definition of, 17

prediction, 13, 14, 20, 43, 139, 147, 148, 156, 160, 162, 164 preparation, 98, 111, 169-171 probability, 20, 108
 * combined, 21
 * definition of, 20
 * logical, 156

problem
 * problem solving methods, 104, 105, 109, 169, 171-173, 180
 * recurrence of, 109
 * reformulation of, 64, 111
 * setback, 98
 * statement of, 111, 171

proof, 160 pseudoscience, 187, 188 psychology, 55, 96, 98, 100, 118, 126, 139, 181, 188 publication
 * case studies of, 207-210
 * concept mapping of, 154
 * necessity of, 197, 207
 * pitfalls, 140, 209
 * productivity, 198, 205
 * style, 12, 123, 140, 184, 205, 207
 * writing, 155

pure research, see: science - basic puzzle solving, 180, 181 random sampling, see: sampling - random Raven’s Paradox, 158 reading, see: literature – reading of regression analysis, see: statistics – linear regression reliability, 18, 20 religion, 5, 6
 * Christianity, 5-9, 88
 * Islam, 6-9
 * relationship to science, 8, 9, 60

replicatability, 17, 20, 188 replicate measurements, 17, 18, 20, 22, 66, 105, 113, 123 replication of experiments, 20, 27, 101, 142, 143, 145, 206 representative sampling, see: sampling representative research, see: experiment, experimental design, experimental technique, science sampling distribution, see: statistics - normal distribution function