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30 THE QUAPAW OR KWAPA

When the Kwapa were discovered by the French they dwell in five villages, described by the early chroniclers as the Imaha (Imaham, Imahao), Capaha, Toriman, Tonginga (Doginga, Topinga), and Southois (Atotchasi, Ossouteouez). Three of these village names are known to all the tribe: 1, Uʞa'qpa-qti, Real Kwapa; 2, Ti'-u-a'-d¢i-maⁿ (Toriman), Ti'-u-a-d¢i' maⁿ (of Mrs. Stafford); 3, U-zu'-ti-u'-wĕ (Southois, etc). The fourth was Taⁿ'waⁿ jiʞa. Small village. Judging from analogy and the fact that the fifth village, Imaha, was the farthest up Arkansas river, that village name must have meant, as did the term Omaha, the upstream people.

The following names of Kwapa gentes were obtained chiefly from Alphonsus Vallière, a full-blood Kwapa, who assisted the author at Washington, from December, 1890, to March, 1891:

Naⁿ'paⁿta, a Deer gens; Oⁿphŭⁿ enikacʞa, the Elk gens; Qid¢ e'nikaci'ʞa, the Eagle gens; Wajiñ'ʞa enikaci'ʞa, the Small-bird gens; Hañ'ʞa e'nikaci'ʞa, the Hanñ'ʞa or Ancestral gens; Wasa' e'nikaci'ʞa, the Black-bear gens; Maⁿtu' e'nikaci'ʞa, the Grizzly-bear (?) gens; Te e'nikaci'ʞa, the Buffalo gens (the ordinary buffalo); Tuqe'-nikaci'ʞa, the Reddish-yellow Buffalo gens (answering to Nuqe of the Ponka, Yuqe of the Kansa, ¢uqe of the Osage); Jawe' nikaci'ʞa, the Beaver gens; Hu i'nikaci'ʞa, the Fish gens; Mika'q'e ni'kaci'ʞa, the Star gens; Pe'taⁿ e'nikaci'ʞa, the Crane gens; Cañʞe'-nikaci'ʞa, the Dog (or Wolf?) gens; Wakan'ʇă e'nikaci'ʞa, the Thunder-being gens; Taⁿd¢aⁿ e'nikaci'ʞa or Taⁿ'd¢aⁿ tañ'ʞa e'nikaci'ʞa, the Panther or Mountain-lion gens; Ke-ni'kaci'ʞa, the Turtle gens; Wĕs'ă e'nikaci'ʞa, the Serpent gens; Mi e'nikaci'ʞa, the Sun gens. Vallière was unable to say on which side of the tribal circle each