Page:Simplified grammar of the Hungarian language.djvu/35

Rh higher to a lower level; a kémény leeset a ház-ról, the chimney fell down from the house.

9. Moving or starting, -tól -től, is used to signify a motion in a level direction or to express the distance from a certain point; a ház-tol távozott—, he moved (or started) from the house.

10. Limiting, -ig; puts a limit in space or time; a ház-ig, as far as the house.

11. Causative, -ért; tells a reason why, or for what, as, pénz-ért, for money; barátságért, for friendship.

12. Auxiliary, -val -vel; tells us with whom, or with what (tools or other assistance), a thing has been done; ásóval, with a spade.

Note.— -val, -vel, if joined to a noun ending with a consonant, drops the v and doubles the final consonant of the noun; as, kezem-mel (not kezem-vel), with my hand.

13. Transmuting, -vá, -vé; is used to express the transmutation of a thing into another shape or form; Lot neje só-vá változtatott, the wife of Lot was turned into salt.

Note.— -vá, -vé, change the v like the foregoing -val, -vel.

14. Demonstrative, -úl, -űl; tells to what purpose a thing has been done, said, or given mintá-úl küldök. . . . . I send for a sample; példá-úl, for example, or instance.” [sic]

Note.—Sometimes -ként is used instead of -úl -űl; but -ként is rather of a numerical or adverbial character, and means one by one. In the latter sense it is affixed to the substantive with