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 contained a small amount of marijuana. Thereafter, Deputy Davis conducted a search of the vehicle, which revealed a brown paper sack containing twenty-eight small white zipper-lock bags containing a substance believed to be marijuana. A search of the trunk revealed four white trash bags containing over forty-five different containers and bags of suspected marijuana—many of which were labeled and appeared to have come from a marijuana dispensary. In total, the suspected marijuana weighed approximately eight pounds.

Shabazz was arrested and charged with possession of marijuana with intent to deliver. He was appointed counsel to represent him on the charges. On June 3, 2016, his counsel filed a motion to suppress, alleging that Shabazz’s arrest was unlawful because the officer lacked probable cause or reasonable suspicion to stop, detain, or arrest him; that the stop, detention, and arrest of Shabazz was merely a pretext for an investigation; that the officer lacked consent to search the vehicle or a search warrant to do so; and that the search of the vehicle was therefore unlawful, unreasonable, and without probable cause. On June 7, 2016, Shabazz filed a pro se motion to suppress evidence and dismiss, alleging that the officer lacked consent to search the vehicle; that the officer lacked cause to search the vehicle under Rule 12.4 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure; and that the initial stop was illegal.

On June 8, 2016, the court conducted a pretrial hearing. Shabazz was present at the hearing with his appointed counsel. The court questioned why Shabazz was filing pro se motions while being represented by appointed counsel. Shabazz responded that he believed that his counsel was ineffective, stated that counsel had not been in contact with him, and