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 length of time, and after many attempts to make them breathe.

Another means to restore life is the following: Close its nostrils by pinching them together, and then blow into its mouth, so as to force air into its lungs; then press its ribs together, so as to cause the lungs to expel the air: this alternate movement continued may stimulate the lungs into action. During this process, the body of the child should undergo frictions made with warm flannel im- mersed in alcohol, brandy, whiskey, or any stimulant at hand.

Some authors suggest taking a mouthful of brandy, and then spurting it forcibly against the breast of the child: this repeated has sometimes induced convulsive contrac- tions of the respiratory muscles, and caused the lungs to expand. Also a stream of cold water from a height has proved successful.

These efforts should be continued even after respiration has commenced, if it is very weak.

Should a galvanic battery be at hand, currents of elec- tricity may be made to pass from the nape of the neck to the muscles of the chest.

During these attempts to restore life, the child should lie on a flat surface, with the head lower than the hody; and, during the manipulations, the head should not be allowed to fall on its chest.

Should the face of the child remain very much congested and blue for several minutes, untie the cord, and let a tablespoonful or two of blood flow.

Sometimes the new-born child's features look shrivelled; it has a blue appearance, and breathes with a spasmodic jerk, and feebly; its cries are very weak, and sound like a weak groan. Under such conditions, it should be stimu-