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 the devil. Equality, too,  established  not  by  debasing all to  an  equal  grade  of  servility,  but  by  raising  each to a  sense  of  his  dignity  as  a  child  of  God  and  heir to heaven. Fraternity also,  whereby  the  rich  are bound to  assist  the  poor,  the  victor  to  spare  the  vanquished, and  peace  is  established  and  maintained  between people  and  people  and  between  man  and  man. And in  the  accomplishment  of  this  social  revolution the Church  has  never  shed  a  drop  of  blood  nor  struck a single  blow. With the  book  of  science  in  one  hand she has — even  in  the  ages  when  learning  was  a  reproach— she  has  gone  through  the  world  educating mankind up  to  an  appreciation  of  the  truth,  and  with the crucifix  in  the  other  hand  she  has  presented  to them  the  motive  for  conforming  their  lives  to  the  lessons received. And in  all  that  time  she  has  never trespassed on  the  rights  of  king  or  people;  in  fulfilling her  mission  she  has  helped  the  civil  authorities to accomplish  theirs;  and  when  persecuted  by  jealous rulers she  has,  in  the  interests  of  peace,  retreated  to the  last  limits  of  truth  and  justice  before  pronouncing her  ultimatum:  "Thus  far  and  no  farther  shalt thou  come." For just  as  her  divine  Founder  by  His very goodness  excited  the  jealous  hatred  of  the Caesars, and  was  consequently  scourged  and  crucified, so  too  the  Church. The State  has  tripped  her up at  every  turn;  dashed  from  her  hand  the  wine  and oil she  would  have  poured  into  the  wounds  of  suffering humanity. It forbade  her  first  ministers,  the Apostles, to  preach  the  Gospel  or  name  of  Jesus Christ, and  it  arrested  and  executed  them  as  rebels