Page:Scientific Papers of Josiah Willard Gibbs.djvu/14

vi Shortly before the author's death he had yielded to numerous requests for a republication of his thermodynamic papers, and had arranged for a volume which was to contain the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances and the two earlier papers, Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids, and A Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by means of Surfaces. To these he proposed to add some supplementary chapters, the preparation of which he had hardly more than commenced when he was overtaken by his last illness. The manuscript of a portion of this additional material (evidently a first draft) was found among the author's papers and has been printed at the end of this first volume. It is believed that it will be of interest and value in spite of its unfinished and somewhat fragmentary condition.

The remaining papers, which compose the second volume, are divided between mathematical and physical science. Most of them naturally fall under one of the following heads: Dynamics, Vector Analysis and Multiple Algebra, the Electromagnetic Theory of Light, and are so grouped in the volume in the order named. A fourth section is made up of the unclassified papers.

In the first section the short abstract of a paper read before the American Association for the advancement of Science is worthy of notice as showing that the fundamental ideas and methods of the treatise on Statistical Mechanics were well developed in the author's mind at least seventeen years before the publication of that work.

The second edition includes the Elements of Vector Analysis, privately printed in 1881–1844 for the use of the author's classes, but never published. It contains in a very condensed form all the essential features of Professor Gibbs's system of Vector Analysis, but without the illustrations on this subject. Copies of this pamphlet have been for many years past practically unobtainable. Here is also placed a hitherto unpublished letter to the editor of Klinkerfues' Theoretische Astronomie, on the use of the author's vector method for the determination of orbits.

Five papers on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light constitute the third section. The fourth and last is composed of miscellaneous papers, including biographical sketches of Clausius and of the author's colleague Hubert A. Newton.

The editors have spared no pains to make the reprint typographically accurate. In a few cases slight corrections had been made by Professor Gibbs in his own copies of the papers. These changes, together with the correction of obvious misprints in the originals, have been incorporated in the present edition without comment.