Page:Science vol. 5.djvu/257

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��the Ciacinnnli group, the iufereiice is just, that tb« markings from the latter Imd their origin imder the same conditions. There is no rea- son for supposing that the CinduDiiti Island was not subject to elevatioos and depressions allernately. The evidence here given, showing the presence of three former shore-lines, seems l^ODdusive. Probably, were other localities and other groups examiued in a aimilnr manner, similar facts wonid be found.

Jo.-EFH v. .J.»jif;s.

��HUDSON-BA Y ESKIMO.

��In thereport of the Hudson-Bay exploring (ixpeili- llon, II is suted that the only inhnbitanta of Hudson Stnit and the northem part of the bay are the Es- kimo, who have liecome quite familiar with the ways of civilization. Tbe families are small, mothers having rarely more than two or three children, which. in consequence of the abience of farinaceous fooil, are suckled till three or four years of age. The num- ber of Eskimo appears to be diminishing, as there are abundant traces of their former presence in force. About six miles south of Port Burwell are the re- mains of a large settleraejit, with Bublerranoin dwell- ings. ID a fair state of preservation, where remains of stone pots and implements are mixed with those of more modern date. At Port Do Boncherville dis- tinct remains of a very ancient Eskimo camp, in (he form of hea]>s and circles of stones, are foinid on ft rai.'Kd beach at the head of what had been a cove when the sea-level was about thirty feet higher than at present. At another place In the same vicin- ity are more modern remains, consisting of rings of tent-stones, several recLaii^lar walls a few feet high, and eaetirs of a beeliive form about six feet In height, such as are now used for storing meat, or as hiding- places from whicb to kill game. Around Port La- perriere, also, camping-places are found, which, from their elevation above the sea-beach, the decayed nature of the larger bones lying ahonl, and the man- ner in which the circles of stones ai-e embedded In uosi and overgrown with lichens, must be from one hundred to three hundred years old. Still more ancient Eskimo worlis are discovered in the valley which comes down to the head of the harbor. These consist of a row of stones running athwart the brook at a cciiitracled part of the valley, which would be tuilabk for the Eskimo method-of troutrBshing if the seA were eighty feet higher than it is at present.

Along the Labrador coast the Eskimo gather in small •ettlements round the Moravian mission-stations; Xain, with a population of about two hundred, being tbe lai^est. Here they are educated, and the mis< ftioDS are self-supporting; the missionaries supplying the Eskimo, purchasing their catch and siiipping it to London, and coram iini eating with Newfoundland daring the summer by a mail-steamer which makes occasional trips as far as Nain. Lieut. Gordon gives

(Eskimo the highest character for honesty and

��PHYSICS m THE SCHOOLS.

PkofrssobWead has published the replies to a cir- cular distributed by the coromissioner of education, Hr. John Eaton, in regard to the best iDctliod of teaching physics In the secondary schools. The gen- eral impression obtained from these replies, which are from high-school teachers as well as from college professors, l9 that a certain amount of laboratory work In physics la desirable. Very few, however, of the teachers who have replied, can apparently speak from aetual experience ot the advantages of tJie lab- oratory method. Within a quarter of a century tltere has been a marked change In the views of those who have entered upon chairs of physics in our various colleges. The earlier professors of so-called natural philosophy looked at thelr subject from a semMiterary point of view, and did not descend into the laborious arena of the Uboratory, where their half-brothers the chemists had long preceded them, To-day there are physicists who laugh at the old method of teaching physics; and, although we are somewhat conservative, we also are tempted to in- dulge in a sly laugh in our sleeve.

The problem of the best method of leaching phys- ics In the secondary schools, however, can only be a faint reflection of the methods adopted in the univer- sities. We are inclined to believe that it should aim to be a faint reflection, — popular lectures for stimu- lating the Imagination of the buy, and rough experi- ments for the masses, in order to train the scientific Instiiict and the powers of ol«ervation.

The report contains valuable informalion in regard to the teaching of physics in England, Oermany. and France. The general impression gained from this report is that ttje new methods of teacbin;^ physics have not been adopted in a large enough number of cases to warrant any conclusions from a study of those cases. The training of teachers is steadily Improving, and every year our colleges and universi- ties send out men imbued with modern methods of laboratory instruction. These men must have a marked influence on the future methods of toacliing physics.

��HALL UCINA TIONS.

��When a patient is hypnotized, he imi^inet that he sees all things as they are suggested In him. provided he is a healthy subject. But in these hallucinalions a person who has lost the cliromatic sensibility can- not be made to see suggested colors to which he is naturally blind. If the achromatopsy be limited to one side, the left tor instance, and the hypuullEed subject has the right eye closed, he obstinately af- flnns that he does not see the suggested color, and cannot he made to see it until the right eye is opened.

There is ii second thing which shows, better Uiau the preceding, th.tt hallucination and sensation have the same cerebral origin; It is the property which hallucinatory images have of provoking the same

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