Page:Sanskrit syntax (IA cu31924023201183).pdf/63

 § 62-63. 47 Daç. 172 gujausmugat-qamanty (she peeled the grains of rice of their husks, so [cleverly] as to keep them entire), Kathâs. 15, 82 lacour prin fade (R. forbore the grief caused by his separation from Sitá), R. 2, 96, 27 àu sent àfn afgæni (let the earth be freed from a great stain). 1) Rem. The adjectives ,, fa, fag sim. often are = >> without." 63. II. By extending the notions of concomitancy, ac- Instru- Int companiment, simultaneousness from space and time mental, how- case. the to all sorts of logical categories, we may understand how large a sphere of employment the third case occu- pies in Sanskrit syntax. Generally spoken, it is always used, when it is wanted to express the circumstances, instruments, means, ways, properties accompanying the action and qualifying it. In other terms, the instru- mental has the duty of telling the how of the action or state, expressed by the verb or verbal noun, it de- pends on. For clearness' sake the most striking types of this instrumental will be severally enumerated: 1¹ and 2ly it is expressive of the instrument (karapa) and the agent (kartr). These two kinds of instrumental are practically the most important, for they are the most wanted for. Examples of the former à (he cuts with a knife), aguaí maf (he goes on foot); of the latter gut achay (it is done by me) (57). 1) M. 2, 79 affords an instance of instrum. and abl. depending on the same verb. The latter half-çloka runs thus gaan fefâyà (after a month he is released even from a great sin likewise as a snake from its skin). Here the abl. Q: and the instr. Compare the like coincidence of abl. and instr. causae. are coordinate.