Page:Sanskrit syntax (IA cu31924023201183).pdf/44

 28 § 38. may be called the with-case, for it signifies with what, by what, how. According to the various applications of this fundamental notion, there may be set up divers kinds of instrumental. So we have an instrumental of accompaniment the so-called sociative - one of the instrument, one of the agent, of the way, the means, the manner, the quality, of time, of value, and so on. 3. The dative or fourth a points out the direction of a movement. Mostly it is employed in a metaphorical sense. For the rest, its employment ad- mits of a division into two kinds: a.) the so-called dative of interest, b.) the dative of the purpose. 4. The ablative or fifth (1) denotes whence there is a starting, withdrawal, separation, distance, consequence and the like, it being applied to various categories of thought. - 5. The genitive or sixth (48) upon the whole may be described as the case, which signifies cohesion. It chiefly serves to express relations existing between substantives') and according to the logical varieties of these relations we may distinguish between the posses- sive genitive, the partitive, the subjective, the objective etc. Besides, the sixth case is wanted with some ad- jectives (as those of likeness, knowing and the contrary) and some verbs (as those of remembering). Sanskrit also has three more kinds of genitive, each of them displaying a particular character, nl. 1. the genitive of 1) In this book the term substantive has not the limited acceptation it has with the etymologist and the lexicographer, hut includes any noun that syn- tactically has the worth of a substantive, as ara, when => truth."