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 325, Pre- sent denot- ing a near past. 244 236. Histo- rical § 324-327. 3474 (before those wicked beings inflict any corporal injury upen the ascets, we will leave this hermitage). Utt. I, p. 3 ufafaata arte dig: (the king has just retired from his seat of justice to his inner apartments). Of this kind are the rules given by Pânini (3, 2, 120 and 121) for the em- ployment of present and aorist in answers. If one asks have you made the mat?", the answer may be, when using, or no, I have not," or if an interrogation, have I not?" Likewise with, or achi. But with I exclusively the present: indeed, I have." 1). pre- Rem. Inversely, it may happen that a Sanskrit acrist is to be rendered by an English present, see note I on page 253 of this book. Moreover, the present is often used in relating past actions. Then we may call it historical present. sent. Properly it is distinguished by the particle added, P. 3, 2, but is occasionally wanting. Nala 3, 18h 119. di fon (they could not utter a single word to him), Kathas. 1, 33 f af want yaraf: (thus spoke Pâr- vati, and Çiva answered), Pane. 201 a story ends thus: 118 and fe fara goa dy ng fan (and since that day the hares lived happily in their dwellings); - Kumâras. 3, 13 - ainda qoula tela: (Cesha has been appointed ). 327. But the most common employment of the historical The present present is that of expressing facts when going on." Rem. 2. Another consequence of its fitness for denoting future is exhibited by its doing duty for a conjunctive (356). 2. The present denoting a near past. It may be said P. 3, 3, „I arrive" by one, who has just arrived. 181. BT S is the dura As Sanskrit imperfect has not the character of tive tense a durative, like the imperfect in Latin and French, par ex- cellence. 1) A varttika, expounded and agreed to by Patanjali finds fault with this rule of Papini furryfafana. See Pat. II, p. 122.