Page:Sanskrit syntax (IA cu31924023201183).pdf/253

 § 316-318. common future âtman. of, may sometimes have a passive meaning, sometimes it is medial, but the future f derived from cannot be used except in a passive sense. In practice, these tenses of an exclusively passive meaning seem to be very rare. Daç. 132 taunggentūtõ (I was addressed by the minister), ibid. 133 af faatanıyan Galateanfafa. 317. The difference between the active voice and the me- Diffe- rence dial is for the greater part only a formal one, at least 237 - 318. be- tween in the classic language. Many verbs are used in the the ac- medial, tive parasmaipadam, but not in the âtmanepadam, and in- and the versely. The special rules, given for this by grammar (P. 1, 3, 17 sqq.), do not belong to Syntax. Even if the same root is employed in both voices, it is not always difference of meaning, that discriminates them; in poetry, for inst., particularly in epic poetry, an other voice than the legitimate one is often admissible for metrical reasons. Compare the fact, that sometimes the same verb is a parasmaip. in one tense and an âtmanep, in another. So fuà (he dies), but the future is ff. Nevertheless, the original difference between active and medial is not lost. Not only the grammarians, who have invented the terms parasmai padam and átmane padam, but the language itself shows, it is well aware of it. Several verbs may be employed in both voices in this way, that one avails one's self of the medial P. 1, 3, especially to denote ,the fruit of the action being for the subject,” f. i. Taga: qÀ „N. N. cooks for him- self,” but, when it is to be told, he cooks for others. Of the causatives the medial voice serves always for that he orders a mat to be made P.1, 3, purpose: 72 foll, 74. for his own behalf."
 * f