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 § 303-305. ployed within a little circle of forms often recurring, and the intensives have almost fallen out of use. 304. The causatives are expressive of such actions, whose tives. subject is not the agent, but he at whose prompting P. 3, 1, Causa- 26. the agent acts, as : he ruin (N. N. gets the mat made). They are much used both in the act- ive and in the passive voice. Their special construc- tion has been dealt with in full (49-51). On the middle voice of causatives see 318, espec. c.). 229 Rem. Occasionally the causatives are used without a causative meaning, as if they were primitives ¹). R. 1, 5, 9 nama (be inhabited the town); Prabodh. II, p. 43 CERET daryf, here is quite synonymous with Haldun BERT Panc, 168 s-nafa = zarauà, ibid. 257 for fntal faràsai un sfalararangté actuant [=]. Thus often in the pråkrts. Sometimes the primitive and its causative are used pro- miscuously, as.uf and unfa, both to bear." Sometimes there is some idiomatic difference, as in the phrase sa ana (to exer- cise the royal power), here the primitive is not used. Sometimes the primitive having got obsolete, the causative has been sub- stituted for it, as fangui (to wed) instead of the archaic fen; of which primitive it is only the participle that is used in the classic dialect. In special cases refer to a dictionary. The desideratives are expressive of the wish of doing" ratives. the action, which is denoted by the verbal root: 305. Deside- a P. 3, 1, 7. " FECHA (he wishes to do), (he wishes to obtain). Sometimes they simply denote the being about:" fagfafa (the fruit is about to fall). It is stated in express terms by native grammarians, = » 1) This employment of the causatives is termed by vernacular gram- marians a fura.