Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/97

 69

204. Final radical is assimilated in internal combination to a following sibilant, becoming.

Thus,, , , ,.

a. According to the grammarians, it is treated before and  in declension as in external combination. But the cases are, at best, excessively rare, and RV. has and  (the only Vedic examples).

b. Final of a derivative suffix is regularly and usually dropped before a consonant in inflection and composition — in composition, even before a vowel; and a radical  occasionally follows the same rule: see 421 a, 439, 1203 c, 637.

c. For assimilation of to a preceding palatal, see 201.

The remaining cases are those of external combination.

205. a. The assimilation of in external combination to a following sonant palatal and the palatal sibilant  have been already treated (202 b, 203).

b. The is also declared to be assimilated (becoming ) before a sonant lingual, but the case rarely if ever occurs.

206. A is also assimilated to a following initial, becoming (like : 213 d) a nasal.

a. The manuscripts to a great extent disregard this rule, leaving the unchanged; but also they in part attempt to follow it — and that, either by writing the assimilated  (as the assimilated, 213 f, and just as reasonably) with the -sign, or else by doubling the  and putting a sign of nasality above; the latter, however, is inexact, and a better way would be to separate the two 's, writing the first with  and a nasal sign above. Thus (from ):

manuscripts त्रींलोकान् or त्रील्‍ँलोकान्; better त्रील्ँ लोकान्.

The second of these methods is the one oftenest followed in printed texts.

207. Before the lingual and dental sibilants, and, final  remains unchanged; but a  may also be inserted between the nasal and the sibilant: thus,  or ;  or.

a. According to most of the grammarians of the Prātiçākhyas (not RPr.), the insertion of the in such cases is a necessary one. In the manuscripts it is very frequently made, but not uniformly. It is probably a purely phonetic phenomenon, a transition-sound to ease the double change of sonant to surd and nasal to non-nasal utterance — although the not infrequent cases in which final stands for original  (as, , ) may have aided to establish it as a rule. Its analogy with the conversion of into  (203) is palpable.