Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/92

 c. Not infrequently, the initial, usually altered after a certain prefix, retains the altered sibilant even after an interposed of augment or reduplication: thus, , , , , , , , ; ,.

d. Much more anomalous is the occasional alteration of initial radical after an -element of a prefix. Such cases are (against  and ) and (according to the grammarians).

186. In other compounds, the final alterant vowel of the first member not infrequently (especially in the Veda) lingualizes the initial of the second: for example,, , , , , , , , , ,.

a. A very few cases occur of the same alteration after an -element: thus,, , , , ; also √, when its final, by 147, becomes : thus, (but ).

187. The final of the first member of a compound often becomes  after an alterant vowel: thus, the  of a prepositional prefix, as,  (for ), ; and, regularly, a  retained instead of being converted to  before a labial or guttural mute (171 a), as , ;.

188. Once more, in the Veda, the same alteration, both of an initial and of a final, is not infrequent even between the words composing a sentence. The cases are detailed in the Prātiçākhya belonging to each text, and are of very various character. Thus:

a. The initial, especially of particles: as , , ; — also of pronouns: as ; — of verb-forms, especially from √: as , ; — and in other scattering cases: as , , , , , ,.

b. A final, oftenest before pronouns (especially toneless ones): as , , , , ; — but also in other cases, and wherever a final is preserved, instead of being turned into , before a guttural or labial (171): as , , , ,.

189. The dental nasal न्, when immediately followed by a vowel or by न् or म्  or य्  or व् , is turned into the lingual ण्  if preceded in the same word by the