Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/88

 d. That is to say, the from  is treated as an original  is treated in the same situation: see 132–3.

Examples are:, , ,.

176. Exceptions to the rules as to final are:

a. The nominative masculine pronouns and  and (Vedic)  (495 a, 499 a, b) lose their  before any consonant: thus,  he saw,  this man; but  he said,.

b. Instances are met with, both in the earlier and in the later language, of effacement of the hiatus after alteration of, by combination of the remaining final with the following initial vowel: thus,  ( + ),  ( + ),  ( + ): compare 133 c, 177 b. In the Veda, such a combination is sometimes shown by the metre to be required, though the written text has the hiatus. But in RV. is in the great majority of cases combined with the following vowel: e.g. for,  for ,  for ; and similar examples are found also in the other Vedic texts.

c. Other sporadic irregularities in the treatment of final occur. Thus, it is changed to instead of  once in RV. in, once in SV. in (RV. ), once in MS. in ; in  (second of the trio of sacred utterances, , ), except in its earliest occurrences; in a series of words in a Brāhmaṇa passage (TS. K.), viz. ,, , , , , and (K. only) ; in and ; and some of the -stems noted at 169 a are perhaps of kindred character. On the other hand, is several times changed to  in RV. before a surd consonant; and twice, and  once, retains its final sibilant in a like position.

d. In MS., the final left before hiatus by alteration of either   or  (133) is made long if itself unaccented and if the following initial vowel is accented: thus,  (from  + ),  (from - + -), and also - (from, because virtually ); but  (from  + ),  (from  + ).

177. Final आस् before any sonant, whether vowel or consonant, loses its स्, becoming simple आ ; and a hiatus thus occasioned remains.

a. The maintenance of the hiatus in these cases, as in that of and  and  (above, 133–4), seems to indicate a recent loss of the intermediate sound. Opinions are divided as to what this should have been. Some of the native grammarians assimilate the case of to that of ,