Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/84

, (MS.; for -),  (LÇS.; for -),  (KS.; for -); these, however (like the double aspirates, 154a), are doubtless to be rejected as false readings.

162. Before, a final is not merely made sonant, but fully assimilated, becoming : thus, ,.

163. Before ह् (the case occurs only in external combination), a final mute is made sonant; and then the ह्  may either remain unchanged or be converted into the sonant aspirate corresponding with the former: thus, either तद्हि  or तद्धि.

a. In practice, the latter method is almost invariably followed; and the grammarians of the Prātiçākhya period are nearly unanimous in requiring it. The phonetic difference between the two is very slight.

Examples are:, ( + ),  ( + ),.

164. The euphonic changes of स् and र्  are best considered together, because of the practical relation of the two sounds, in composition and sentence-collocation, as corresponding surd and sonant: in a host of cases स्  becomes र्  in situations requiring or favoring the occurrence of a sonant; and, much less often, र्  becomes स्  where a surd is required.

a. In internal combination, the two are far less exchangeable with one another: and this class of cases may best be taken up first.

165. Final radical or quasi-radical (that is, not belonging to an ending of derivation) remains unchanged before both surd and sonant sounds, and even before  in declension: thus,, , ,.

166. Final radical remains before a surd in general, and usually before, as in , , ,  (the last is also written : 172): but it is lost in  (√ + : 636). Before a sonant (that is, ) in declension, it is treated as in external combination: thus,. Before a sonant (that is, ) in conjugation, it appears to be dropped, at least after long : thus,, , (the only quotable cases); in  (√ + : 636) the root syllable is irregularly altered; but in 2d perss. pl., made with, as , , (881 a),  (√