Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/83

 159. With the exceptions above stated, the collision of surd and sonant sounds is avoided in combinations — and, regularly and usually, by assimilating the final to the following initial, or by regressive assimilation.

Thus, in internal combination:, , , (√ +  etc.); ,  (√ +  etc.); — in external combination, , , , , , , , ,.

160. If, however, a final sonant aspirate of a root is followed by त् or थ्  of an ending, the assimilation is in the other direction, or progressive: the combination is made sonant, and the aspiration of the final (lost according to 153, above) is transferred to the initial of the ending.

Thus, with  or  becomes ;  with the same becomes, as  (√ + ),  (√ +  or );  with the same becomes , as  (√ + ),  (√ + ).

a. Moreover,, as representing original , is treated in the same manner: thus, , from  — and compare  and  from  and , etc., 222 b.

b. In this combination, as the sonant aspiration is not lost but transferred, the restoration of the initial aspiration (155) does not take place.

c. In from √ (155 e), the more normal method is followed; the  is made surd, and the initial aspirated: thus,,. And RV. has instead of  from √; and TA. has instead of  from √.

161. Before a nasal in external combination, a final mute may be simply made sonant, or it may be still further assimilated, being changed to the nasal of its own class.

Thus, either or,  or ,  or ,  or.

a. In practice, the conversion into a nasal is almost invariably made in the manuscripts, as, indeed, it is by the Prātiçākhyas required and not permitted merely. Even by the general grammarians it is required in the compound, and before , and the suffix (1225): thus, ,.

b. Even in internal combination, the same assimilation is made in some of the derivatives noted at 111 d, and in the -participles (957 d). And a few sporadic instances are met with even in verb-inflection: thus,