Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/80

 a. Thus, becomes, and this ;  becomes  (142), and this ; and  (-aor., 3d sing., of √ [890b]) is in like manner reduced to.

b. But a non-nasal mute, if radical and not suffixal, is retained after : thus, from,  from √,  from √,  from √,  from. The case is not a common one.

c. For relics of former double finals, preserved by the later language under the disguise of apparent euphonic combinations, see below, 207 ff.

151. Anomalous conversions of a final mute to one of another class are occasionally met with. Examples are:

a. Of final to : thus, 1. in a few words that have assumed a special value as particles, as, (beside ),  (beside ), , ; and of kindred character is  (TA.); 2. in here and there a verbal form, as (AV. and VS. Kāṇ.),  (Āpast.),  (Pārask.),  (VS. MS.; = ); 3. in root-finals or the added to root-stems (383 e), as - for - (Sūtras and later) at the end of compounds,  (TB.),  (SV.); and 4. we may further note here the anomalous (AB.; for, √) and  (AB.), and the feminines in  from masculines in  (1176 d).

b. Of final or  to a lingual: thus,  in Vedic, , ;  (ÇB.);  (MS. iii. 4. 9; √ shine), and perhaps  (MS.; or √?).

c. Of or  to, in an isolated example or two, as , ,  (TS. K.), and  (VS. TS.; AV. -).

d. In Tāittirīya texts, of the final of and  to a guttural: as,, ,.

e. Of a labial to a dental: in for and beside ; in  (TS.) from √; and in, , from  or  (393). Excepting the first, these look like cases of dissimilation; yet examples of the combination are not very rare in the older language: thus,, , ,.

f. The forms, - (Tāittirīya texts) from are isolated anomalies.

152. For all the processes of external combination — that is to say, in composition and sentence-collocation — a stem-final or word-final is in general to be regarded as having, not its etymological form, but that given it by the rules as to permitted finals. From this, however, are to be excepted the and : the various transformations of these sounds have nothing to do with the  to which as