Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/541

 heartiness,  prosperity by day,  and  prosperity with beasts and birds. Feminines of like use are not quotable from RV. or AV.; later occur such as three hundred (481),  the three worlds,  aggregate of five roots.

c. As the examples show, the accent of words thus used is various; but it is more prevailingly on the final syllable than in the adjective compounds in their ordinary use.

1313. Those adverbially used accusatives of secondary adjective compounds which have an indeclinable or particle as prior member are reckoned by the Hindu grammarians as a separate class of compounds, and called by the name.

a. This term is a derivative from the compound verb (1094) made up of uninflected and √, and means conversion to an indeclinable.

b. The prepositional compounds (1310) are especially frequent in this use: thus, for example, by one's own will,  and  in succession,  up to twelve,  at evening,  in sight. Instances given by the grammarians are: upon Hari,  with the king,  or  near the river,  toward the fire,  every night,  with freedom from flies.

c. A large and important class is made up of words having a relative adverb, especially, as prior member. Thus, for example, as one chooses ( will),  as done [before], according to usage,  by name,  according to several portion,  and  limb by limb,  whither one will,  in some measure,  as long as one lives,  according to the number of relations.

d. These compounds are not common in the old language; RV. has with only four of them, AV. only ten; and no such compound is used adjectively except RV.,  AV. as good as possible. ÇB. has as adjectives (followed in each case by a correlative ). The adjective use in the later language also is quite rare as compared with the adverbial.

e. Other cases than the accusative occasionally occur: thus, instrumental, as ; and ablative, as.

f. A class of adverbs of frequent occurrence is made with : e. g. angrily,  respectfully,  with a smile,  especially.

g. Other adverbial compounds of equivalent character occur earlier, and are common later: for example, without work,  on different chariots,  two days in succession,  with wonderful progress,  with accompaniment of a gift; etc.