Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/539

 the Brahman that broke the pots, like a sage that has spoken falsely.

1309. Participial Compounds. This group of compounds, in which the prior member is a present participle and the final member its object, is a small one (toward thirty examples), and exclusively Vedic — indeed, almost limited to the oldest Vedic (of the Rig-Veda). The accent is on the final syllable of the participle, whatever may have been the latter's accent as an independent word.

a. Examples are: winning good things,  governing  heroes,  overcoming  foes,  bringing good things,  inciting  devotion,  rejoicing friends,  sustaining sages,  bestowing wealth.

b. In sitting in the lap ( quite anomalously for  or ), and  emulous of color, the case-relation of the final member is other than accusative. In (RV. i. 4. 7),, with accent changed accordingly, represents , the final member being understood from the following word. is to be inferred from its derivative. Of this formation appear to be (?), and  (for ?). It was noticed above (1299 c) that is capable of being understood as a unique compound of like character, with a perfect instead of present participle;, on account of its accent, is probably possessive.

1310. Prepositional Compounds. By this name may be conveniently called those combinations in which the prior member is a particle having true prepositional value, and the final member is a noun governed by it. Such combinations, though few in number as compared with other classes of compounds, are not rare, either in the earlier language or in the later. Their accent is so various that no rule can be set up respecting it.

a. Examples are: passing through the wool,  overnight,  exceeding measure;  lying on the chariot,  belonging to the cow;  under the feet,  below the axle;  following the road,  following the one preceding, one after another,  in accordance with truth,  down stream, etc.;  (with anomalously changed accent of ), within the way,  within the flame (?),  in the hand;  near the house;  accompanying the breath,  concerned with the ceremony,  bordering on night,  next the ear;  reaching to the knee,  and  overcoming heroes;  on the road,  going to the gods,