Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/537

 and compounds with derivatives in, as of easy discernment,  of easy approach,  hard to shake; and AV. has and  against RV. and. Like, shows retraction of accent. Only has the tone on the prefix.

e. On the whole, the distinction by accent of possessive from determinative is less clearly shown in the words made with and  than in any other body of compounds.

f. The associative prefix or (less often)  is treated like an adjective element, and itself takes the accent in a possessive compound: thus,  of joint will,  of like name,  of similar form,  having a common origin,  of assenting words,  having progeny along, with one's progeny,  together with the Brahmans,  with the root,  with the intermediate directions;  with the shepherd,  accompanied by one's young,  having her husband with her,  along with our men.

g. In RV. (save in a doubtful case or two), only in such compounds gives the meaning of having with one, accompanied by; and, since  governs the instrumental, the words beginning with it might be of the prepositional class (below, 1310). But in AV. both and  have this value (as illustrated by examples given above); and in the later language, the combinations with  are much the more numerous.

h. There are a few exceptions, in which the accent is that of the final member: thus, and AV. shows the accent on the final syllable in (ÇB. ) and the substantivized (1312).

i. Possessive compounds with the exclamatory prefixes etc. are too few in the older language to furnish ground for any rule as to accent:  is perhaps an example of such.

1305. Possessive compounds in which a verbal prefix is used as prior member with adjective value, qualifying a noun as final member, are found even in the oldest language, and are rather more common later (compare the descriptive compounds, above, 1289; and the prepositional, below, 1310). They usually have the accent of the prefix.

a. Most common are those made with, , and : thus, for example, having exceeding might,  widely famed;  of wry neck,  having limbs away or gone, limbless,  wifeless,  and  jointless,  of wide ways,  both of wide mind and mindless,  of discordant speech;  having one's husband along,  of accordant mind,  accompanied by a thousand,  of joint abode. Examples of others are: surging over,  having a garment on,  with a half over,  overseer,  without water,