Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/528

 2. e. The prefixes and  have this tendency in a much less degree, and their compounds are very variously accented, now on the prefix, now on the final syllable, now on the accented syllable of the final member; and occasionally on either of two syllables.

f. Thus, for example, ; ; : is like ; — ; and  (168 b), with irregular retraction of accent.

3. g. The compounds with are too few to furnish occasion for separate mention; and those with the interrogative prefix in its various forms are also extremely rare in the Veda: examples are.

1289. The verbal prefixes are sometimes used in a general adverbial way, qualifying a following adjective or noun.

a. Examples of such combinations are not numerous in the Veda. Their accentuation is various, though the tone rests oftenest on the preposition. Thus, over-lord,  mis-form,  opposing foe,  fore part of foot,  great-grandchild,  quite done,  mutually dear;  side tongue (with retraction of the accent of );  intermediate direction,  forward heaven,  (also ) great-grandfather,  opponent,  midway. These compounds are more frequent with possessive value (below, 1305).

b. This use of the verbal prefixes is more common later, and some of them have a regular value in such compounds. Thus, denotes excess, as in  very far,  exceeding fear,  (ÇB.) chief man;, superiority, as in  upper-tooth,  chief woman;  is intensive, as in  much inclivinginclining [sic],  span-new,  delightful;  signifies somewhat, as in  somewhat crooked,  bluish;  denotes something accessory or secondary, as in  additional Purāna; , excess, as in  very weak; , opposition, as in  opposing side,  copy; , variation or excess, as in  very far,  greyish,  respectively small; , completeness, as in  quite ripe.

1290. Other compounds with adverbial prior members are quite irregularly accented.

Thus, the compounds with, on the final (compare the participles with , 1284 b): as, , , ; those with , on the prior member, as (but  etc.); those with , the same, as ; a few combinations of nouns in  and  with adverbs akin with the prefixes, on the final syllable, as ; and miscellaneous cases are  and.