Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/513

 case, and the instances of it, noted below under each formation, do not require to be assembled here. Examples are:,  ,  ,  ;  ,  ,  ,. A few words — as, and sometimes — take usually a changed accent as prior members of compounds.

1252. Two or more nouns — much less often adjectives, and, in an instance or two, adverbs — having a coördinate construction, as if connected by a conjunction, usually and, are sometimes combined into compounds.

a. This is the class to which the Hindu grammarians give the name of pair, couple; a  of adjectives, however, is not recognized by them.

b. Compounds in which the relation of the two members is alternative instead of copulative, though only exceptional, are not very rare: examples are defective or redundant,  victory or defeat,  purchased or on hand,  like a log or clod,  the condition of being bird or beast,  numbering twenty or thirty,  four or five times,  different by one or two. A less marked modification of the copulative idea is seen in such instances as agreeable though true,  sought after but hard to obtain; or in  arrived weary.

1253. The noun-copulatives fall, as regards their inflective form, into two classes:

1. a. The compound has the gender and declension of its final member, and is in number a dual or a plural, according to its logical value, as denoting two or more than two individual things.

b. Examples are: inspiration and expiration,  rice and barley,  verse and chant,  dove and owl,  moon and sun,  the elephant and horse,  goats and sheep,  the gods and demons,  the Atharvans and Angirases,  anxieties and fatigues,  knowledge and action,  elephants and horses; of more than two members (no examples quotable from the older language),  lying, sitting, and eating,  a Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaiçya, and Çūdra,