Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/510

 2. Participial compounds (only Vedic), of a present participle and its following object.

h. The sub-class B. is comparatively small, and its second division (participial compounds) is hardly met with even in the later Vedic.

i. Examples are: possessing a hero-army,  having desire of progeny,  sharphorned,  wearing green garlands;  excessive;  driving away enemies.

j. The adjective compounds are, like simple adjectives, liable to be used, especially in the neuter, as abstract and collective nouns, and in the accusative as adverbs; and out of these uses have grown apparent special classes of compounds, reckoned and named as such by the Hindu grammarians. The relation of the classification given above to that presented in the native grammar, and widely adopted from the latter by the European grammars, will be made clear as we go on to treat the classes in detail.

1248. A compound may, like a simple word, become a member in another compound, and this in yet another — and so on, without definite limit. The analysis of any compound, of whatever length (unless it be a copulative), must be made by a succession of bisections.

a. Thus, the dependent compound done in a previous existence is first divisible into  and the descriptive, then this into its elements; the dependent  knowing the essence of all books of behavior has first the root-stem  (for √) knowing separated from the rest, which is again dependent; then this is divided into  essence and the remainder, which is descriptive; this, again, divides into  all and  books of behavior, of which the latter is a dependent compound and the former a possessive ( and  having its parts together).

1249. a. The final of a stem is combined with the initial of another stem in composition according to the general rules for external combination: they have been given, with their exceptions, in chap. III., above.

b. If a stem has a distinction of strong and weak forms, it regularly enters into composition as prior member in its weak form; or, if it has a triple distinction (311), in its middle form.