Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/506

 a. The words are: (also JB.),.

1241. A few suffixes make no change in the character as part of speech of the primitive to which they are added, but either are merely formal appendages, leaving the value of the word what it was before, or make a change of degree, or introduce some other modification of meaning.

1242. The suffixes of comparison and ordinal suffixes have for the most part been treated already, and need only a reference here.

a. तर and तम  are the usual secondary suffixes of adjective comparison: respecting their use as such, see above, 471–473; respecting the use of  as ordinal etc. suffix, see 487–8; respecting that of their accusatives as adverbial suffixes to prepositions etc., see 1111 e.

b. In and  (RV.) the accent is anomalous; in, it is drawn forward to the final of the participle, as often in composition (1309);  (RV.) has the ordinal accent;  (ÇB.) is an ordinal;  (RV., once: an error?) is an ordinary adjective, of the day;  and  insert a ;  and  are probably -derivatives in. In (f. -) weanling,  mule, and  cow losing her milk, the application of the suffix is peculiar and obscure; so also in, name of a certain sāman.

c. र and म, like  and , have a comparative and superlative value; and the latter of them forms ordinals: see above, 474, 487.

d. थ, like and , forms ordinals from a few numerals: see 487 c; also (with fem. in -) from : thus,  so-many-eth etc.

e. Apparently by false analogy with etc. (above, d), the quasi-ordinals  are made, as if with a suffix  (also, late, for ); and, it is said, from other words meaning a number or collection, as ; but none such are quotable.

1243. Of diminutive suffixes there are none in Sanskrit with clearly developed meaning and use. The occasional employment of, in a somewhat indistinct way, to make diminutives, has been noticed above (1222).

1244. Of the ordinary adjective-making suffixes, given above, some occasionally make adjectives from adjectives, with slight or imperceptible modification of value. The only one used to any considerable extent in this way is : as to which, see 1222.