Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/488

 metrical value, or is to be read as. Thus, in RV., 266 words (excluding compounds) have, and only 75 have always; 46 are to be read now with  and now with , but many of these have  only in isolated cases. As might be expected, the value is more frequent after a heavy syllable: thus, in RV., there are 188 examples of  and 27 of  after such a syllable, and 78 of  and 96 of  after a light syllable (the circumflexed  — that is to say,  — being, as is pointed out below, 1212 l, more liable to the resolution than  or ). It must be left for further researches to decide whether in the are not included more than one suffix, with different accent, and different quantity of the -element; or with an  added to a final  of the primitive. It is also matter for question whether there is a primary as well as a secondary suffix ; the suffix at least comes to be used as if primary, in the formation of gerundives and in that of action-nouns: but it is quite impossible to separate the derivatives into two such classes, and it has seemed preferable therefore to treat them all together here.

b. The derivatives made with may be first divided into those which do and those which do not show an accompanying -increment of the initial syllable.

c. Adjectives in, of both these divisions, make their feminines regularly in. But in a number of cases, a feminine in is made, either alone or beside one in : e. g.  (and ),  (and ),  (and );, etc.

1211. Derivatives in य with initial -strengthening follow quite closely, in form and meaning, the analogy of those in अ  (above, 1208). They are, however, decidedly less common than the latter (in Veda, about three fifths as many).

a. Examples are: with the usual shift of accent, divine,  grayness ,  cervical ,  priestly office ,  householder's ,  kingship ,  victory in battle ,  wealth in houses ,  witness ;  Aditya ,  relating to sóma,  hospitality ,  belonging to Prajā́pati,  mindlessness ,  descendant of Sahádeva; — with accent thrown forward from the final upon the ending,  of the world ,  of the Kaví-race,  descendant of Ritú,  belonging to the wind ,  wealth ; — with unchanged accent (very few),  lordship ,  excellence ,  belonging to the third class ( people),  manliness.