Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/487

 a. A number of examples of stems in made by transfer were noticed above (399). The cases of such transition occur most frequently in composition (1315): thus, further, - (for or  water), -, -, etc.; from stems in, -, -, etc., but also - and - and ; from stems in , -, -, etc.; from the weakest forms of -stems (407) , etc.

b. Also occurring especially in composition, yet likewise as simple words often enough to have an independent aspect, are derivatives in from nouns in  (rarely ): thus, for example,, and probably.

c. Similar derivatives from adjectives in are reckoned by the grammarians as made with the suffix : thus,  polluted,  etc. (see 441 b).

d. A number of words formed with the so-called suffix are evident transfers from stems in. A few of them are found even from the earliest period: thus, draught,  (?),  spring,  winter,  etc. tank,  a certain healing plant; and others occur later, as, etc. They are said to be accented on the final.

e. From -stems (407) are made a few nouns ending in : thus,, etc.

f. From stems in, , etc., from titles of priests; also , etc.

g. Other scattering cases are:.

h. The Vedic gerundives in, made by addition of  to abstract noun-stems in , have been already (966 a) fully given.

i. and  come with -strengthening from numeral stems;  new in like manner from  now; and  apparently from.

j. medicine is from  healer, with -change; and probably  heavenly, divine, god, in like manner from  sky, heaven (there is no "root  shine" in the language).

1210. य. With this suffix are made a very large class of words, both in the old language and later.

a. The derivatives in exhibit a great and perplexing variety of form, connection, and application; and the relations of the suffix to others containing a -element —  — are also in part obscure and difficult. In the great majority of instances in the oldest language, the when it follows a consonant is dissyllabic in