Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/482

 the grammarians and supported with examples of questionable value, or are doubtfully deducible from isolated words traceable to known roots, or from words of obscure connection.

a. A few such may be mentioned here: in  and  and certain unquotable words (prakritized -forms from the present participle);  and  in unquotable words, and  (above, 966 d: perhaps a further derivative with secondary  from );  ( or  with secondary  added) in, , etc.; —  in ,  in  and other obscure words,  in , , , and a number of other obscure words; and so on.

1202. Words of secondary derivation are made by the addition of further suffixes to stems already ending in evident suffixes.

a. But also, as pointed out above (1137 b), to pronominal roots.

b. Further, in exceptional cases, to indeclinables, to case-forms, and to phrases: e. g..

1203. Changes of the stem. The stem to which the suffix is added is liable to certain changes of form.

a. Before a suffix beginning with a vowel or with (which in this respect is treated as if it were ), final - and -vowels are regularly lost altogether, while a final -vowel has the -strengthening and becomes ;  and  and  (all of rare occurrence) are treated in accordance with usual euphonic rule.

b. An -vowel also sometimes remains unstrengthened: see 1208 e.

c. A final is variously treated, being sometimes retained, and sometimes lost, even along with a preceding ; and sometimes an  is lost, while the  remains: thus,, from. Of a stem ending in, the weak form, in , is regularly taken: thus,.

d. In general, the masculine form of a primitive stem is that from which a further secondary derivative is made. But there are not very rare cases in which the feminine is taken instead; examples are. On the other hand, a final long vowel —, much more rarely — generally of a feminine stem, is sometimes shortened in derivation: thus,