Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/478

 b. But enters, in its value as secondary, into the composition of certain suffixes reckoned as primary: see  and  (above, 1180, 1181).

c. A few words in which and  seem added to a root, though they are really of a kindred formation with the preceding, may be most conveniently noticed here: thus,  (√) scorpion;  (?) face,  aspect,  n. pr.,  grace,  increaser,  and  gripes, - beaming, ; ; and, from reduplicated root,  scattering (?). Compare secondary suffix (below, 1222).

1187. य. It is altogether probable that a part of the derivatives made with this suffix are not less entitled to be ranked as primary than some of those which are above so reckoned. Such, however, are with so much doubt and difficulty to be separated from the great mass of secondary derivatives made with the same suffix that it is preferred to treat them all together under the head of secondary formation (below, 1210–13).

1188. र. With this suffix are made a large number of adjectives, almost always with weak root-form, and usually with accent on the suffix. Also, a few words used as nouns, of various gender. In some cases, the suffix is found with a preceding vowel, having the aspect of a union-vowel.

a. Examples of adjectives in are:  quick,  split,  strong,  pleasing,  mighty,  bright,  injurious; — with accent on the root, only  greedy,  stout,  wise (secondary?),  inspired,  n. pr.

b. From roots with prefixes come only an example or two: thus, attentive,  joining on.

c. Nouns in are: masc.,  field,  man,  thunderbolt,  hero; neut.,  point,  milk,  hollow,  defilement; fem.,  stream,  jaw,  intoxicating drink.

The forms of this suffix with preceding vowel may best be considered here, although some of them have nearly or quite gained the value of independent endings. Thus:

d. With are made a few rare words: the adjectives  running,  flying, (with prefix)  suiting; and the nouns  depth,  and  shuttle,  gain, - thorn:  and  are doubtless of secondary formation; and the same thing may be plausibly conjectured of others. As made with may be mentioned  a tree,  cat.

e. With are made a few words, some of which are in common use: thus,  quick,  a tree,  dark,  stirring up,  pleasing,  cloud,  deaf,  bright,