Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/473

 j. The words in do not show in the Veda resolution into  (except  AV., once).

1179. ऊ. Stems in ऊ are very few, even as compared with those in ई  (1156). They are for the most part feminines corresponding to masculines in (344 b), with half-a-dozen more independent feminines (see 355 c).

a. To those already mentioned above are to be added pit, - (in ), - (in ),.

1180. उक. With this suffix are made derivatives having the meaning and construction (271 g) of a present participle. The root is strengthened, and has the accent.

a. The derivatives in are hardly known in the Veda; but they become frequent in the Brāhmaṇas, of whose language they are a marked characteristic (about sixty different stems occur there); and they are found occasionally in the older language. In all probability, they are originally and properly obtained by adding the secondary suffix (1222) to a derivative in ; but they have gained fully the character of primary formations, and in only an instance or two is there found in actual use an -word from which they should be made.

b. The root is only so far strengthened that the radical syllable is a heavy (79) one; and it has the accent, whether the derivative is made from a simple root or from one with prefix.

c. Examples, from the Brāhmaṇa language, are:, , , , (258), , , , , , , , , ,  (GB.: RV. has ),  (ṢB. has ).

d. Exceptions as regards root-form are: (with -strengthening, as is usual with this root: 627), -,  (from a tense-stem; beside ). AV. accents (ÇB. has ) and ; RV. has (which is its only example of the formation, if it be one; AV. has also  from √, and );  (TS. et al.) is probably of another character. (PB. et al.) is the only example noticed from a conjugation-stem.

e. Of later occurrence are a few words whose relation to the others is more or less doubtful: and, , , , , , , , , ,. Of these, only appears like a true continuer of the formation; several are pretty clearly secondary derivatives.

f. A formation in (a suffix of like origin, perhaps, with ) may be mentioned here: namely,, , and, from