Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/471

 or on the root. A few examples are: hot,  fortunate,  ravenous,  white; masc.,  question,  offering,  heat,  color,  sleep; neut.,  wing,  jewel (?); fem. thirst, supplication. But many of the stems ending in are not readily connectible with roots. An antithesis of accent is seen in ear and  eared.

b. The few words ending in are of doubtful connection, but may be mentioned here: thus,  violent,  crooked,  right,  property,, -, ; and  may be added.

c. The words ending in are of various meaning and accent, like those in : they are, , -, , , , , , , , , , , and the feminine ; and  may be added.

d. These are all the proper participial endings of the language. The gerundives, later and earlier, are in the main evident secondary formations, and will be treated under the head of secondary derivation.

We take up now the other suffixes forming agent-nouns and adjectives, beginning with those which have more or less a participial value.

1178. उ. With this suffix are made a considerable body of derivatives, of very various character — adjectives, and agent-nouns of all genders, with different treatment of the root, and with different accent. It is especially used with certain conjugational stems, desiderative (particularly later) and denominative (mainly earlier), making adjectives with the value of present participles; and in such use it wins in part the aspect of a secondary suffix.

a. The root has oftenest a weak (or weakened) form; but it is sometimes vriddhied; least often (when capable of ), it has the -strengthening — all without any apparent connection with either accent or meaning or gender. After final radical is usually added  (258) before the suffix. A few derivatives are made from the reduplicated root. But many words ending in are not readily, or not at all, connectible with roots; examples will be given especially of those that have an obvious etymology.

b. Examples of ordinary adjectives are: wide,  straight,  broad,  soft,  good,  sweet,  hot,  good;  conquering,  bursting;  lying,  empty;  thirsty,  protecting. Final appears to be lost before the suffix in -, and perhaps in , - , and -.

c. Examples of nouns are: masc., ray,  deceiver,