Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/464

 c. This also (like ) appears sometimes with a prefixed : thus, missile,  and  roaring,  (and -, f.) fountain,  (only instance with prefix) breaking to pieces; and perhaps the proper names  and  belong here.

1163. थ. The words made with this suffix are almost without exception action-nouns (though some have assumed a concrete value). They are of all genders. The root is of a weak (or even weakened) form, and the accent usually on the suffix.

a. Thus: masc., - going, goal, - making,  song,  n. pr.,  offering, - road, - lying down,  swelling,  sediment; and, of less clear connections,  herd,  chariot; — neut.,  saying,  ford,  song,  heritage, and apparently  back; — fem. (with ),  song,  way. Radical is weakened to  in  song and - drink and - protection; a final nasal is lost in - going and  slaying. In (ÇB.; but BAU. -) is apparently seen a formation from a reduplication of √, victorious.

b. A few examples of combination with prefixes occur, with accent on the final: thus, destruction,  union, etc.

c. Still more common in the older language is a form of this suffix to which has become prefixed an, which is probably of thematic origin, though become a union-vowel. Thus: - breathing, foot,  mobility,  vehemence, and so, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and, with weak root-form, ; the later language adds , , ,. With a prefix, the accent is thrown forward upon the final: thus, abode,  absence; but  breath is treated as if  were an integral root.

d. Isolated combinations of with other preceding vowels occur: thus,  protection,  wasting (?); and  (√?).

1164. थु. This suffix (like थ, above) has an अ attached to it, and, in the very few derivatives which it makes, appears only as अथु.

a. The only Vedic examples are quaking,  trembling,  roaring. Later cases are (TS.),  (U.),  (S.),, , , , ,.

1165. यु. With this suffix are made a very few nouns,