Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/461

 (beside ). In other combinations than with prefixes, the accentuation is in general the same: see the next chapter (1274).

2. f. The adjectives and agent-nouns — which, as masculines, are to be connected with these rather than with the feminine abstracts — are very few: thus, putrid,  eager,  shaker,  relative,  footman,  master; and a few others, of more or less dubious character. The accent is various, as in the other class.

3. g. A few words show the suffix preceded by various vowels, union- or stem-vowels. The ordinary intermediate of the -participle etc. is seen in, , - (, as usual with this root: 900 b), , ; and with them may be mentioned the adjective , the proper names  and , and  and , notwithstanding their long final. With are made a few derivatives, variously accented: thus, the action-nouns, , , , , , ,  and , -; and the agent-words , , , ,. In some of these is to be seen with probability a stem-vowel, as also in and  (and RV. has ). The grammarians' method of representing a root by its 3d sing. pres. indic., declining this as a -stem, begins in the older language: e. g. (TB.),  (AB.),  and  and  (S.),  (MBh.). The feminine young, maiden is of isolated character.

h. In some of the words instanced in the last paragraph, is perhaps applied as a secondary suffix. A kindred character belongs to it in the numeral derivatives from pronominal roots,, , , and from numerals, as , , , etc., with (from ); in ; and in , from the particle.

1158. नि. This suffix agrees in general in its uses and in the form of its derivatives with the preceding; but it makes a very much smaller number of words, among which the feminine abstracts are a minority.

a. As was noticed above (1157 c), a few verbs (ending in vowels) making their passive participle in instead of  make their action-noun in  instead of. From the older language are quotable injury,  heat,  abandonment (and the masculines  and ); later occur, -, -.

b. Words of the other class are: eating, - burning,  carrying,  singing,  hasty,  excited,  sustaining,  loving,  and  virile; and with them may be mentioned  speckled.

c. In, , , , is seen a strengthening of the radical syllable, such as does not appear among the derivatives in.

d. Derivatives in from roots with prefixes do not appear to occur.