Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/460

 (apparently with aoristic ),, , , , , , ; they are either action-nouns or agent-nouns. In the later language (as noticed at 344 a) there is very frequent interchange of - and -stems and the forms from them.

c. In the oldest language there are even a few masculines in. They were noticed, and their inflection illustrated, above, at 355 b, 356.

1157. ति. This suffix forms a large class of frequently used feminine nouns of action; and also a few agent-nouns (masculine) and adjectives. The root has in general the same form as before the suffix त of the passive participle (952 ff.) — that is to say, a weak, and often a weakened or abbreviated, form.

a. The accent ought, it would appear, in analogy with that of the participle, to rest always upon the suffix; but in the recorded condition of the language it does so only in a minority of cases: namely, about fifty, against sixty cases of accent anon [sic] the radical syllable, and a hundred and forty of undetermined accent; a number of words —, , , , , , , , , , , , — have both accentuations.

1. b. Examples of the normal formation are: gift,  aid,  flow,  praise,  division,  service,  praise,  fame,  bestowal,  thought,  drink (√; pple ),  stream (√; pple ); — and with accented root,  motion,  repose,  division (√; pple ),  sight,  offering (√: pple ),  speech (√: pple ),  increase.

c. The roots which form their participle in (956) do not have the  also before : thus, only, -. A few roots having their participle in instead of  (957) form the abstract noun also in  (below, 1158). And from the roots and  occur  and, beside the more regular  and ; also  (once, VS.) beside. From roots having the form, the derivative in composition is sometimes - (for , with loss of radical vowel: compare the participle-form -, above, 955 f): thus, (K.),  (ÇB.),  (TB.), , ,  (all RV.).

d. A few derivatives are made from reduplicated roots; their accent is various: thus,, and -, , and perhaps the proper name ; also  from √ (233 f).

e. Derivatives from roots with prefixes are numerous, and have (as in the case of the participles in, and the action-nouns in ) the accent on the prefix: examples are , , , , ,. The only exceptions noticed are and, and