Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/456

 m. Stems in are made also from secondary conjugation-stems: thus, from desideratives, as  (see 1038); from causatives, as,  (see 1051 g); from denominatives, with great freedom, in the later language, as , , , ; from intensives and other reduplicated stems, only , , ,.

n. A few isolated cases may be further mentioned: from tense-stems, -, -, -,, -; from prepositions, and ;  from the quasi-prefix (1092 b). Feminines in of doubtful connection are  woman (beside, , etc.) and.

1151. अस्. By this suffix are made (usually with -strengthening of the root-vowel) especially a large class of neuter nouns, mostly abstract (action-nouns), but sometimes assuming a concrete value; and also, in the older language, a few agent-nouns and adjectives, and a considerable number of infinitives.

a. The accent in words of the first class is on the root, and in the second on the ending; and in a few instances words of the two classes having the same form are distinguished by their accent; the infinitives have for the most part the accent on the suffix.

1. b. Examples of the first and principal class are: aid, favor,  warmth,  pleasure,  splendor,  fame,  milking,  deed,  breadth,  and  mind,  eye,  pond,  speech.

c. A few words of this class are of irregular formation: thus, without strengthening of the root, quickness (beside ),  breast,  contempt; and - (-) and -, and the adverbs, , -, also  head, are to be compared; — with -strengthening, -, , , -, and, of doubtful connections, , , and -; — perhaps with an aoristic ,  missile; —  contains a  apparently not radical.

d. After final of a root is usually inserted  before the suffix (258): thus,, -. But there are in the oldest language apparent remains of a formation in which was added directly to radical : thus,  and - (often to be pronounced as two syllables),, ; and - and -, from the roots  and.

2. e. The instances in which an agent-noun is differentiated by its accent from an action-noun are: work, and  active;  beauty, and  beauteous;  quickness, and  (VS., once) quick;  strength, and  strong;  worship, and  lively (?);  greatness, and  great; between  n. and