Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/454

 b. Examples are lordship,  play,  pity,  reproach,  doubt,  injury,  patience,  hunger,  speech,  service,  eagerness.

c. But especially, such nouns in are made in large numbers, and with perfect freedom, from secondary conjugation-stems.

d. Thus, especially from desiderative stems, as, , , , etc. (see 1038); in the formation of periphrastic perfects, especially from causative stems, but also from desiderative and intensive, and even from primary present-stems (1071 c–f); from denominative stems, in the older language, as , , , , , , , etc., and quite rarely in the later, as.

e. The only example from a reduplicated stem is the late ; for, , and , which have a reduplicated aspect, are of doubtful origin. From present-stems come and probably -.

1150. अन. With this suffix (as with अ ) are formed innumerable derivatives, of both the principal classes of meaning, and with not infrequent specializations. The root has oftenest -strengthening, but not seldom instead; and in a few cases it remains unstrengthened. Derivatives of this formation are frequent from roots with prefixes, and also in composition with other elements.

a. The normal and greatly prevalent accent is upon the root-syllable, without regard to the difference of meaning; but cases occur of accented final, and a few of accented penult. The action-nouns are in general of the neuter gender. The feminine of adjectives is made either in or in  (for details, see below). And a few feminine action-nouns in and  occur, which may be ranked as belonging to this suffix.

1. b. With strengthened and accented root-syllable. Under this head fall, as above indicated, the great mass of forms.

c. With -strengthening: examples of action-nouns are seat,  protection,  giving,  collection,  property,  call,  enjoyment,  deed,  increase; — of agent-nouns,  burning,  visible,  impelling.

d. With -strengthening (only in such circumstances that remains as vowel of the radical syllable): examples are -,, , -, -, -, , -, , -, -, -, -.

e. From roots with prefixes, the derivatives of this formation are very numerous, being exceeded in frequency only by those made with the