Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/439

 they only rarely occur (except as has mainly changed its office from prefix to adverb or conjunction in the later language); but their prepositional uses are much more frequent and important: see below, 1125 b.

b. In composition with nouns, they (like other adverbial elements) not infrequently have an adjective value: see below, 1281 ff., 1305.

1119. Several of the prefixes (as noticed above, 473–4) form comparative and superlative adjectives, by the suffixes and, or  and : thus,  and ,  and ,  and ,  and ,  and , and  is doubtless of the same character; also,  and. And accusatives of such derivative adjectives (for the most part not otherwise found in use) have the value of comparatives, and rarely superlatives, to the prefixes themselves: thus, (AV.) whatever is quickened do thou still further quicken;  (RV.) stride out yet more widely;  (RV.) lead him forward still further toward advantage;  (AV.) lead him up still higher.

a. Besides those instanced, are found also, , , , ,. In the Brāhmaṇas and later (above, 1111 e), the feminine accusative is used instead: thus, and, , , , , , ,  and , ,  (also RV., once).

1120. Kindred in origin and character with the verbal prefixes, and used like them except in composition with verbs, are a few other adverbs: thus, down;  below (and );  far off (and );  before;  (apparently, +) among, between;  near;  above; and  (already mentioned, 1104 b) along, with, and  together, with, may be noticed with them. without, and - apart, appear to be related with.

1121. Inseparable Prefixes. A small number of adverbial prefixes are found only in combination with other elements. Thus:

a. The negative prefix or  —  before vowels,  before consonants.

b. It is combined especially with innumerable nouns and adjectives; much more rarely, with adverbs, as and  (RV.),  (AV.),  (TB.),, ; in rare cases, also with pronouns (as , ); and even, in the later language, now and then with verbs, as  (BhP. Çiç.) they do not desire,  (SD.) he does not view. Now and then it is prefixed to itself: e. g., , (?).